planetary surface

  • Scientists Can Detect Life in Single Grain of Alien Ice

    Scientists Can Detect Life in Single Grain of Alien Ice

    Icy moons like Europa and Enceladus are exciting venues for the prospect of life beyond Earth, because they are thought to contain oceans of water beneath their frigid surfaces. Now, a team of scientists has concluded that a single grain of material spewed up by the outgassing moons could contain biosignatures—signs of life—if there are…


  • Lifespans of Rivers Revealed on Titan and Ancient Mars

    Lifespans of Rivers Revealed on Titan and Ancient Mars

    Mars and Saturn’s moon Titan are of a shared scientific interest: the two worlds boast river channels similar to those on our own planet. Though Mars’ water networks dried up long ago, Titan’s liquid methane and ethane rivers are still coursing on the moon’s surface today. Both kinds are of scientific interest because they could…