From butterflies to bats – a study from Macquarie University shows that hundreds of thousands of species could soon go extinct due to the effects of deforestation.
The study examined global data, with the researcher warning that numerous extinctions of rare species may have already taken place in regions within the tropics.
The research is the first to use local-scale ecological data to predict possible extinctions at a global scale, documenting 11 key ecological groups.
“The overall implication of this research is that any substantial loss of primary forests will result in numerous extinctions across many groups,” said study author Associate Professor John Alroy from the Department of Biological Sciences.
Alroy says predicted losses of species given complete disturbance of these tropical forests are unexpectedly high, and are more than 18 per cent in every animal group (except large mammals and mosquitoes) and more than 28 per cent for seven groups in total.
“There are a lot of reasons to think these results are conservative, so the real effects are likely to be even greater,” Alroy warns. “Even if we preserve forests of some kind in many places, unless we protect them from ever being logged, those forests may end up being empty.”
The results also suggest that numerous extinctions of rare species may have already occurred in the tropics.
“A mass extinction could have happened right under our noses because we just don’t know much about the many rare species that are most vulnerable to extinction. To figure out whether this is true, a lot more field work needs to be done in the tropics. The time to do it is now,” said Alroy.
There has been a lot of research on the effects of habitat destruction on species richness in local ecosystems, but local losses can be masked by the spread of common species able to tolerate human impacts – and surprisingly little is known when it comes to predicting range-wide species extinctions.
Alroy says this study is important because it puts a number on the actual extinctions that might result if we disturb all of the remaining pristine forests in the tropics.
“Disturbance is no small matter, because roughly two-thirds to three-quarters of all the world’s species are found in tropical forests,” Alroy says. “Even though tropical forests only cover about 10 per cent of the entire Earth’s continental area.”
[Eureka]